The Man Who Invented AGI: A Story of Warning and Legacy
It's unlikely that many people know the name of John McCarthy, but one man is trying to shake off the shadows. Mark Gubrud, a PhD student at the time, has been hailed as the first person to coin the term "Artificial General Intelligence" (AGI), even though his contribution was largely ignored.
Gubrud's obsession with nanotechnology and its potential dangers led him to attend conferences in 1997. During one of these events, he delivered a paper titled "Nanotechnology and International Security," which included his groundbreaking definition of AGI: "AI systems that rival or surpass the human brain in complexity and speed, that can acquire, manipulate and reason with general knowledge, and that are usable in essentially any phase of industrial or military operations where a human intelligence would otherwise be needed."
The term "AGI" wasn't widely recognized at the time, but Gubrud's warnings about its potential misuse resonated with influential figures like Ray Kurzweil. In 1999, Kurzweil predicted that AI would match human cognition by around 2030, striking a chord with computer scientist Ben Goertzel.
Goertzel and his collaborators, including Shane Legg, Pei Wang, and Eliezer Yudkowsky, began using the term "AGI" to describe more sweeping technologies. The term gained traction, and Gubrud's definition became the standard. However, he never received credit for coining it.
Gubrud's lack of follow-up research is often cited as a reason why his contribution was overlooked. Instead, he has dedicated his life to warning about the dangers of AGI, arguing that its development could lead to catastrophic consequences.
As Gubrud himself notes, "It's taking over the world, worth literally trillions of dollars... And I am a 66-year-old with a worthless PhD and no name and no money and no job." Despite this, his legacy lives on in the term he coined. His definition of AGI still stands today, serving as a reminder that the technology has the potential to surpass human intelligence.
The story of Mark Gubrud serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of acknowledging contributors to groundbreaking ideas. As we continue to push the boundaries of AI development, it's essential to recognize the warnings and insights of pioneers like Gubrud who dared to sound the alarm.
It's unlikely that many people know the name of John McCarthy, but one man is trying to shake off the shadows. Mark Gubrud, a PhD student at the time, has been hailed as the first person to coin the term "Artificial General Intelligence" (AGI), even though his contribution was largely ignored.
Gubrud's obsession with nanotechnology and its potential dangers led him to attend conferences in 1997. During one of these events, he delivered a paper titled "Nanotechnology and International Security," which included his groundbreaking definition of AGI: "AI systems that rival or surpass the human brain in complexity and speed, that can acquire, manipulate and reason with general knowledge, and that are usable in essentially any phase of industrial or military operations where a human intelligence would otherwise be needed."
The term "AGI" wasn't widely recognized at the time, but Gubrud's warnings about its potential misuse resonated with influential figures like Ray Kurzweil. In 1999, Kurzweil predicted that AI would match human cognition by around 2030, striking a chord with computer scientist Ben Goertzel.
Goertzel and his collaborators, including Shane Legg, Pei Wang, and Eliezer Yudkowsky, began using the term "AGI" to describe more sweeping technologies. The term gained traction, and Gubrud's definition became the standard. However, he never received credit for coining it.
Gubrud's lack of follow-up research is often cited as a reason why his contribution was overlooked. Instead, he has dedicated his life to warning about the dangers of AGI, arguing that its development could lead to catastrophic consequences.
As Gubrud himself notes, "It's taking over the world, worth literally trillions of dollars... And I am a 66-year-old with a worthless PhD and no name and no money and no job." Despite this, his legacy lives on in the term he coined. His definition of AGI still stands today, serving as a reminder that the technology has the potential to surpass human intelligence.
The story of Mark Gubrud serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of acknowledging contributors to groundbreaking ideas. As we continue to push the boundaries of AI development, it's essential to recognize the warnings and insights of pioneers like Gubrud who dared to sound the alarm.