Astonishingly, researchers have discovered that bonobos possess the uncanny ability to engage in make-believe play, similar to human children. Led by Dr. Amalia Bastos from the University of St Andrews, the study focused on a bonobo named Kanzi who was trained to identify the location of imaginary objects in pretend scenarios.
Using a clever experiment, the team first rewarded Kanzi for pointing to containers filled with juice, teaching him to associate real and imaginary liquids. Next, they presented Kanzi with two transparent cups, pretending to fill one with an empty jug while keeping the other cup empty. To their surprise, Kanzi correctly identified which cup contained juice in 34 out of 50 trials.
What's even more remarkable is that Kanzi didn't receive a reward for his correct answer, indicating he genuinely believed the liquid was present in the cups. This clever experiment also revealed that Kanzi could distinguish between tangible and imaginary liquids in 14 out of 18 trials.
But that wasn't all - Kanzi was also able to identify the location of an imaginary grape placed in one of two transparent containers. While further research is needed to confirm these findings, the study provides groundbreaking evidence that non-human animals can follow imaginary objects in pretend scenarios.
This discovery sheds new light on our evolutionary past, suggesting that our shared capacity for imaginative thinking dates back to a common ancestor between 6- and 9 million years ago. According to Dr. Bastos, "Because we share this [ability] with bonobos, we could reasonably expect that this sort of ability is rooted in our shared ancestry."
The findings also challenge the notion that humans possess a unique capacity for imagination. As Prof Zanna Clay from Durham University noted, it would be more surprising if other species lacked this ability, given their advanced cognitive abilities and complex social environments.
Using a clever experiment, the team first rewarded Kanzi for pointing to containers filled with juice, teaching him to associate real and imaginary liquids. Next, they presented Kanzi with two transparent cups, pretending to fill one with an empty jug while keeping the other cup empty. To their surprise, Kanzi correctly identified which cup contained juice in 34 out of 50 trials.
What's even more remarkable is that Kanzi didn't receive a reward for his correct answer, indicating he genuinely believed the liquid was present in the cups. This clever experiment also revealed that Kanzi could distinguish between tangible and imaginary liquids in 14 out of 18 trials.
But that wasn't all - Kanzi was also able to identify the location of an imaginary grape placed in one of two transparent containers. While further research is needed to confirm these findings, the study provides groundbreaking evidence that non-human animals can follow imaginary objects in pretend scenarios.
This discovery sheds new light on our evolutionary past, suggesting that our shared capacity for imaginative thinking dates back to a common ancestor between 6- and 9 million years ago. According to Dr. Bastos, "Because we share this [ability] with bonobos, we could reasonably expect that this sort of ability is rooted in our shared ancestry."
The findings also challenge the notion that humans possess a unique capacity for imagination. As Prof Zanna Clay from Durham University noted, it would be more surprising if other species lacked this ability, given their advanced cognitive abilities and complex social environments.